Ross County Guide: History, Culture, and Highland Landscapes

Ross County is a historic region in the northern Highlands of Scotland, primarily known today as part of the Highland council area and for its premier professional football club, Ross County FC. Spanning from the Atlantic coast in the west to the North Sea in the east, the area offers a diverse landscape of rugged mountains, deep lochs, and fertile coastal plains.

In this comprehensive guide, you will explore the deep historical roots of the “County of Ross,” its evolution from a Pictish stronghold to a modern tourist hub, the vibrant sporting culture in Dingwall, and the practicalities of visiting the North Coast 500. Whether you are interested in the ancestry of the Scottish clans, the tactical prowess of the “Staggies” on the pitch, or the serene beauty of Wester Ross, this article provides an authoritative overview of everything the region has to offer.

The Geography of Ross-shire

Ross County, often historically referred to as Ross-shire, covers a vast lateral slice of northern Scotland. The region is geographically split between the rugged, mountainous terrain of Wester Ross and the softer, agricultural “Black Isle” and Easter Ross peninsulas.

The area is bounded by Sutherland to the north and Inverness-shire to the south. Its diverse topography includes Ben Wyvis, a prominent Munro, and deep sea lochs like Loch Broom and Loch Maree, which are central to the region’s ecological identity.

Ancient Pictish Origins

The history of Ross begins with the Picts, who left behind a legacy of intricate stone carvings and hill forts. The name “Ross” is derived from the Gaelic word Ros, meaning a promontory or headland, reflecting the region’s prominent coastal features.

Archaeological sites such as the Rosemarkie Stone suggest that Ross was a significant religious and political center in the early medieval period. These stones feature Celtic crosses and mythical beasts, showcasing the high level of artistry present in the region over a thousand years ago.

The Earldom of Ross

The Earldom of Ross was one of the most powerful medieval titles in Scotland, often at the center of power struggles between the Scottish Crown and the Lords of the Isles. Established in the 12th century, the earldom controlled vast territories and influenced Highland politics for centuries.

Strategic marriages and brutal conflicts defined this era, as the Earls of Ross navigated alliances with the Macdonalds and the Bruces. The eventual forfeiture of the earldom to the Crown in 1476 marked a turning point in the centralization of Scottish royal power.

Ross County Football Club

Ross County FC, nicknamed “The Staggies,” is the professional football heartbeat of the region, based in the town of Dingwall. Despite being from a small town with a population of roughly 5,000, the club has maintained a consistent presence in the Scottish Premiership.

The club plays its home matches at the Global Energy Stadium, which has a capacity exceeding the town’s population. Their 2016 Scottish League Cup victory remains one of the greatest achievements in the club’s history, cementing their status as a “giant-killer” in Scottish football.

Dingwall: The County Town

Dingwall serves as the historic administrative center of Ross-shire and remains a bustling market town. Its name is of Old Norse origin (Þingvöllr), meaning “Field of the Assembly,” indicating its importance as a Viking meeting place.

The town features a high street lined with local shops, a museum detailing the town’s military and social history, and the iconic Macdonald Monument. It serves as a primary transit hub for those traveling between Inverness and the far north or west.

The Beauty of Wester Ross

Wester Ross is renowned globally for its dramatic landscapes, featuring some of the oldest rocks in the world and the famed Torridon Hills. This area is sparsely populated but attracts thousands of hikers, photographers, and nature enthusiasts annually.

Key highlights include the village of Ullapool, a picturesque port town, and the Inverewe Garden, where the Gulf Stream allows sub-tropical plants to flourish. The region offers a “wild” experience that contrasts sharply with the more developed east coast.

The Black Isle Peninsula

Contrary to its name, the Black Isle is not an island but a fertile peninsula known for its rich soil and mild climate. It is home to charming villages like Cromarty and Fortrose, which boast well-preserved 18th-century architecture.

Visitors frequently visit Chanonry Point on the Black Isle to catch a glimpse of the UK’s most northerly pod of bottlenose dolphins. The area is also famous for its local breweries and organic farm shops, making it a culinary destination.

The Highland Clearances

The history of Ross County is deeply marked by the Highland Clearances of the 18th and 19th centuries. Landowners forcibly removed thousands of crofting families to make way for large-scale sheep farming, leading to mass emigration.

Ruined townships across the hills of Ross serve as a somber reminder of this period. Many descendants of those cleared from Ross-shire now live in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, maintaining a strong ancestral link to the land.

Industry and Economy

Historically, the economy of Ross was built on agriculture and fishing, but modern industry has shifted toward renewable energy and tourism. The Cromarty Firth has become a global hub for oil rig maintenance and, more recently, offshore wind farm construction.

Distilleries also play a massive role in the local economy, with world-famous brands like Glenmorangie and Dalmore located in Easter Ross. These sites provide significant employment and draw whisky enthusiasts from across the globe.

Outdoor Activities in Ross

Ross County is an adventurer’s playground, offering everything from Munro bagging to sea kayaking. The “Fisherfield Six” are among the most remote mountains in Scotland, providing a true wilderness challenge for experienced hikers.

For those preferring water, the sea lochs of the west coast provide excellent conditions for sailing and wildlife spotting. Angling is also a major draw, with the River Conon and River Orrin being prime spots for Atlantic salmon.

Traditional Highland Culture

The Gaelic language and traditional music are still celebrated within Ross County, particularly through local Mòds (festivals of Gaelic culture). While English is the primary language today, the influence of Gaelic is visible in every place name and local folklore.

Ceilidhs remain a popular social staple in village halls across the county. These traditional dances provide a communal space for locals and visitors to share in the rhythmic heritage of the Scottish Highlands.

Wildlife and Biodiversity

Ross County is home to some of the UK’s rarest species, including the golden eagle, white-tailed sea eagle, and pine marten. The Beinn Eighe National Nature Reserve in Wester Ross was the first of its kind in the UK, established to protect ancient Caledonian pinewoods.

The coastal waters are equally biodiverse, supporting seals, minke whales, and basking sharks. Conservation efforts continue to play a vital role in balancing tourism with the protection of these fragile ecosystems.

Practical Information and Planning

When planning a visit to Ross County, it is essential to prepare for the unpredictable Highland weather and the logistical realities of remote travel.

Opening Hours: Most visitor attractions operate from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM, though many close or have reduced hours between October and March.
Costs: Entry to museums is often free or under £10. Football tickets for Ross County FC typically range from £20 to £30.
Transport: A car is highly recommended for the west coast. For the east, the North Highland Line (ScotRail) provides scenic train travel from Inverness to Dingwall and beyond.
Visitor Tips: Always carry “midge repellent” during the summer months and book accommodation well in advance if traveling the North Coast 500.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where is Ross County located?

Ross County is situated in the northern Highlands of Scotland, north of Inverness. It stretches from the east coast at the Moray Firth to the west coast bordering the Atlantic Ocean.

Is Ross County a town?

No, Ross County refers to the historical shire or region. However, the name is most commonly associated with the professional football club based in the town of Dingwall.

What is the best time to visit Ross County?

The best time to visit is between May and September for the best weather and longer daylight hours. May and June are typically the driest months and have fewer midges than late summer.

How do I get tickets for Ross County FC?

Tickets can be purchased via the club’s official website or at the Global Energy Stadium ticket office in Dingwall. It is advisable to book in advance for matches against major teams like Celtic or Rangers.

Is Ross County part of the North Coast 500?

Yes, the route passes through a large section of Ross County, including popular stops like the Black Isle, Ullapool, and the Applecross Peninsula.

What are the main towns in Ross County?

The primary towns include Dingwall (the county town), Alness, Tain, Invergordon, and the picturesque village of Ullapool on the west coast.

What is the “Black Isle”?

The Black Isle is a peninsula in Ross-shire, not an actual island. It is known for its fertile soil, the village of Cromarty, and excellent dolphin-watching spots at Chanonry Point.

Can you see the Northern Lights in Ross County?

Yes, due to its northern latitude and low light pollution, the Aurora Borealis is frequently visible during clear winter nights, especially on the coast.

What is the population of Ross County?

While the exact “county” population varies by administrative definition, the combined population of the main Ross-shire towns and rural areas is approximately 50,000 people.

What is the famous road in Ross County?

The Bealach na Bà is the most famous road in the region. It is a historic, winding single-track road through the mountains of the Applecross peninsula with spectacular views.

Is Ross County good for hiking?

It is an exceptional hiking destination, featuring numerous Munros (mountains over 3,000ft) such as Ben Wyvis, An Teallach, and Liathach.

Final Thoughts

Ross County remains one of the most geographically diverse and culturally significant regions in the Scottish Highlands. From its ancient Viking roots in Dingwall to its modern-day prominence on the national football stage, the area successfully balances preservation with progress. Whether you are navigating the hair-pin turns of the Bealach na Bà, exploring the Victorian charm of Strathpeffer, or witnessing the “Staggies” compete at the highest level of Scottish sport, Ross County offers a definitive Highland experience. Its blend of rugged Atlantic coastlines and fertile eastern straths ensures that it remains a cornerstone of Scottish identity and a premier destination for global travelers.